Living Under Poverty A Better State Of Children

Imagine living in a world where technology slowly upgrades once every ten years, or having to use the same type of technology for a lifetime. Imagine going to school and think you can do better, but do not have the right tools and teaching. Imagine going to school, looking outside the window, and seeing dirt instead of grass. For people living in urban areas it is hard to imagine all of these things. Poverty is a growing disease that is spreading not only through America but also around the world. America’s economy spends millions of dollars each year trying to reduce the levels of poverty, but still children are left with a reduced chance of ever achieving their goals and dreams. Children that are raised in†¦show more content†¦To answer that question it would be simply, yes. Growing up in most places in America has a really great benefit of having the most advanced tools and teaching for education. When having those advanced learning tools and experienced teachers , it makes it easier for a student to be a better student. Unfortunately, some other places around America and a lot of places around the world are not as lucky as I have been growing up. I began to realize this when I moved to a little country in the Middle East called Palestine. I was going into my middle school years when moving to Palestine so it was quite a bit transition for me. The country is a really nice country to visit, but the education was not as effective and advanced as it was for me in America. The computers were very old and the teachers were not as experienced as they should have been. There is only one reason for all this, and that is poverty. Unlike America, Palestine is living under poverty. It was very hard to learn over there versus here. When I came back to America to finish my high school years I was falling behind the other students and it was hard for me to do understand a lot especially in English and math. I graduated with having a 4.0 GPA throughout all high school and earned a plaque for it. My friend finished high school in Palestine with the same GPA, which means even though he was in an area with less

Statistics and Difference Free Essays

string(204) " MANN WHITNEY TEST will be used to statistically analyse the data as the %damaged cells of workers in the tile operation shows that the data is not normally distributed since the P-Value is lower than 0\." BIO 2003 SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT 2 Introduction: The report analyses the result of a study on workers from brick and tile industries conducted by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). HSL put down few criteria’s to the workers which being that neither of the workers from the tiles and brick industries should have worked in both the industries and that they did not smoke. The criteria’s put across was an assurance to attain reliable results. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics and Difference or any similar topic only for you Order Now The essence of the study lies in detecting any difference in the health of the workers in these industries (as identified by cell damage) if any and also to determine if any relationship exists between the length of service and the recorded health effect. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) states that no difference in the median between the percentage-damaged cells of the workers from the brick and tile industries is observed. Null Hypothesis for the correlation study also states that there is no correlation between the health effects of the workers and the time period they have worked in the industries. Nonetheless the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) states that the median percentage of damaged cell of the workers in the brick industry is different when compared to the median percentage of damaged cells of workers of both the operations. H1 for the correlation study states that correlation exists between the time period the workers have worked in the industry and their health effects. Analysis will be carried out with the help of the following 5 samples: * Worker ID * Age * Department * Length of service * Percentage of cell damage The above samples are independent within and also between each other. To obtain an accurate analysis of the data, the normality, box plot and straight-line relationship and independence of the statistical analysis will be checked. The Null or Alternative Hypothesis will be accepted or rejected on the basis of a statistical analysis, which will be used to analyse the median percentage of damaged cells got from the brick and tile operations. Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of brick and tile operation workers percentage damaged cells Variable| N| N*| Mean| SE Mean | St: Dev. | Minimum| Q1| Median| Q3| Maximum| % Damaged cells of Tile operation| 27| 0| 1. 337 | 0. 210 | 1. 090 | 0. 200 | 0. 600 | 1. 00| 1. 500 | 4. 700| % Damaged cells of Brick operation | 38| 0| 1. 532 | 0. 179 | 1. 106 | 0. 200 | 0. 536 | 1. 370| 2. 189 | 4. 562| Table 1 gives a descriptive data of the workers of the respective industries. As seen in the table above the % of damaged cells of the workers in the brick industry is higher when compared with the tile operation workers. The me dian percentage of brick industry workers is 1. 370 which is higher as compared to the brick operation workers which is 1. 100. The inter-quartile range which being the difference between Q3 and Q1 is higher for the brick operation compared to that of the tile. Figure 1:Box plot displaying %damage of cell in workers from both tile and brick industries. The figure above shows that the percentage-damaged cell for tile operators is lower when compared with the brick operators indicating a difference in the mean and median. Figure 1 shows a difference in the health hazard of the tile and brick workers. There is evidence of skewness in the distribution of brick operators whereas the tile distribution is symmetric, as the median line for the brick operators has shifted away from the centre. The % cell damage in workers of the tile operation is closely grouped apart from the 2 extreme outliers when compared to the % cell damage of the brick workers, which is quite wide. For the above box plot the need for a further analysis is to be carried out as the hypothesis cannot either be accepted neither rejected since the box plot only denotes statistical measures (mean, median, Q1, Q3, max min values) which are not ample to prove the difference between the two sites. Figure 2: Histogram of the Tile and Brick operation data The % of damaged cells of the brick operation is higher when compared to the tile operation. This is concluded from the histogram above which exhibits that the bar values which is the % damaged cells for brick operation is higher than the bar value of the tile operation. We have used a histogram, as it is one of the important tools for a data analysis. Figure 3:The Test For Equal Variance. The values of the estimated equal variances show no difference in the % cell damage of the workers from the brick and tile operations’-value obtained from the Levene’s Test is 0. 200 which is also higher than 0. 05 implies that the hypothesis of difference cannot be rejected. The value of the F-Test is 0. 952 which being higher than 0. 05 shows also shows no signs that the null hypothesis (H0) should be rejected and also that there is no difference between %cell damage of workers from brick and tile operations. The obtained values from the test for equal variance point out to an abnormal distribution of data stating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. Hence no clear evidence of a difference in the median among the % damaged cells in the workers of both the operations. Figure 4:Normal Distribution Graph For Brick And Tile Operation. Figure 4 illustrates a normal distribution graph for tile and brick operations. The figure above shows that the %damaged cells of brick and tile operations are not uniformly distributed, as the points are not scattered about a straight line. There is evidence that the residuals followed a skewed distribution and it can also be seen that the above graph does not follow any trend or pattern. The is no convincing evidence to reject the null hypothesis (H0) as the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 in Fig4. From the above facts it may be concluded that the residuals do not follow a normal distribution. A MANN WHITNEY TEST will be used to statistically analyse the data as the %damaged cells of workers in the tile operation shows that the data is not normally distributed since the P-Value is lower than 0. You read "Statistics and Difference" in category "Essay examples" 05 and also that the plots on the graph so no route any precise trend. MANN WHITNEY TEST Results CI Of Tile Brick Manufacturing Operations Table 2:illuminates the number of samples used in the Mann Whitney test and the obtained median for data of brick and tile manufacturing operations Sample type| Number of sample| Median| Tile | 27| 1. 100| Brick| 38| 1. 370| Point estimate for ETA1-ETA2 is 0. 200 95. 0% CI for ETA1-ETA2 is (-0. 323, 0. 800) W = 1319. 0 Test of ETA1 = ETA2 vs. ETA1 not = ETA2 is significant at 0. 3905 The test is significant at 0. 3903 (adjusted for ties). The results shows a confidence interval of 95% between 0. 323 and 0. 800 in the %damaged cells of workers In the brick and tile operations. Contrariwise the difference in the median is 0. 200(estimated), which means that 0. 200%(approximately) more % of damaged cells in workers of the brick operations than those of the tile operations. A 100% certain analysis cannot be proven as the confidence interval (CI) is only 95%, hence creating a need for more data in order to achieve a 100% certain analysis. An analyses of results obtained shows the P-value got from the Mann-Whitney test was 0. 3905. Since the P-value is higher than 0. 05 it indicated no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no differences. Therefore it can be concluded that there is no convincing evidence of difference in the median between %damaged cells of workers in the 2 operations. Conclusion: A use of various graphs and descriptive statistics were used and inferred to decide if there were any differences in the health of the workers of the 2 operations. The Mann Whitney U test was considered to find the difference in the %-damaged cells of the tile and brick operation workers. A conclusion may be drawn from the these analyses that there is scarce evidence to suggest that there is noteworthy difference in the % damaged cells in workers of tile and brick operations. Question: 2 Table 3: Paired T-test and 95% CI to determine if the data of % damaged cells and length of service of workers in two operations is paired. N| Mean| StDev| SE Mean| % Damaged cells| 65| 1. 451 | 1. 095| 0. 136| length of service (years | 65| 8. 995 | 7. 349| 0. 912| Difference| 65| -7. 544 | 6. 964| 0. 864| 95% CI for mean difference: (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (Vs. not = 0): T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 The table shows the T-test and the P-value got is 0. 05 stating no con vincing evidence to reject null hypothesis of no differences. It may be concluded that the data is paired since the P-value is 0. 000. A scatter plot may also be used to test the relationship between the two samples. Figure5: A scatter plot showing the correlation between the % of cells damaged with a regression line and the length of service in years. The predicted value for Regression is 17. 4%, which states the 17. 4% of the variability in the data is represented by the regression model. This cannot be used to get future values as the predictive value itself is very low. Pearson’s correlation needs to be conducted since the above scatter plot shows a minor positive association between the % damaged cells and the length of the service, but the damage of the cells in the future cannot be predicted. Pearson’s Correlation results: Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference: (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs. not = 0): T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 Pearson correlation of length of service (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 417 P-Value = 0. 001. The association between the length of service and %damaged cells of the tile and brick operations cannot be accepted since the values from Pearson’s Correlation is 0. 417which is higher than 0. 400. Therefore a regression fitted line will be used to forecast the future data. The P-value is 0. 001 which being less than 0. 05 does not prove to be a convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis (H0) of no differences. Hence a conclusion may be drawn stating a difference in the length of services and the % damaged cells of workers from both the operations. Hence a regression fitted line plot will be used to predict future values. Further Analysis: Figure6:shows the data between the %damaged cells and the age of workers as well as the regression line. The scatter plot above shows that there is a moderate positive correlation between the age and the % damaged cells. Therefore a Pearson’s correlation will be conducted. Pearson correlation of age (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 251 P-Value = 0. 044 The P value is 0. 044 which is less than 0. 05, this means that the null hypothesis must be rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted that there is not sufficient evidence available to say that there is a correlation. Conclusion: The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, various graphs, Pearson’s correlation and regression fitted line plot to find association between the % damaged cell and length of service in tile and brick operations. The results concluded that there is no association between the % of damaged cells and their length of service. However there was a positive correlation which was observed between the % of damaged cells and age of workers in both operations. This suggested that it is the age which is the cause of damage and not the dust. The first test carried out, concluded that there is no genuine difference between the health hazard of the worker at the tile and brick operation. The second test concluded that there is little relationship between the workers health and the length of their service. Since the R-sq value was only 17. 4%, the extent of damage cannot be predicted by the length of employment. Overall conclusion: It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in the percentage damaged cells in the workers of tile and brick operations. It can also be concluded that age of workers and not the length of exposure to the dust in brick or tile operations increase % damaged cells of workers. How to cite Statistics and Difference, Essay examples

Management Theory and Practice for Ethics- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Theory and Practice for Ethics. Answer: Introduction Ethics forms a fundamental part of the management theory which is practiced in different organizations of the world. Business practices and their models are governed by ethical rules and philosophies stated by moral thinkers on the basis of which the right practice of business is modeled (Aguirre, Hyman Hamilton, 2017). In any organization, ethical codes determine the value of business done to maximize the response of the firm towards its customers as well as towards the business fraternity. It becomes evident for every company to follow the ethical norms in planning business structures and executing business operations. Ethics is a vast and subjective topic which varies from person to person and its compliance depends on the circumstances in which a company operates. In management theory, generally,normative ethics proves to be instrumental which is related to the justification and application criteria of good and bad and practices which are right or wrong (Alnder Gssling, 2017). This raises a question that what practices are considered to be right and in which circumstance and wrong in which context. Hence, identification of moral virtues in a person or an organization is required to know that an entity will do the morally right thing or not. Furthermore, thesecond aspect is that how will the society be made to do ethical things and how they perceive the ethical agenda (Bell, Dyck Neubert, 2017). The third dimension is that what intrinsic values are required for an entity to consider ethical practices in work. In the following discussion, ethical dilemmas of a car manufacturing company are analyzed keeping in mind the practices and issues the company has and how it will transform to comply with the ethics and overcome its dilemma (Bell, Dyck Neubert, 2017). Toyota Australia is the company under consideration which manufactures fast cars for motorsports which have to face some ethical dilemmas in their organization. Deontology Vs Teleology There is a difference between the ethical principles of deontology and teleology which creates a dilemma in the working culture and operations in Toyota Australia. People who follow or believe in the deontological theory have a moral tendency to act. Every action performed by them is based on the moral principles of ethics (Bishop Lee, 2017). This makes their ethical outlook narrow and they are bound to rules which decide that any action is good or bad. It is after this determination of good or bad, they are ought to perform any action. Deontologists believe that some practices are wrong in itself and they are not to perform those actions even if its consequence yields better results (Bowie, 2017). It makes a boundary of restrictions in the minds of people who follow deontological ethics and refrain from performing or even thinking out of the scope of its philosophy. Some views of the deontological theory state that any entity should perform actions on the basis of its principles which are considered inherently right. Deontological ethics has absolute obligations which are sacrosanct and cannot be violated to maintain the virtue of the work being done (Broome, 2017). There is also a presence of formal criteria which is relational. This criterion involves the concept of impartiality and equality. Deontologists also advocate the distributive criteria which consist of the allocation of goods and evils in the nature of men (Burke, 2017). This does the identification of persons virtues and vices which conclusively determines the ethical purity of the work. Another criteria followed by deontologists is that of pluralism and unitary which suggests thecapacity of a person to be adamant on its values. Whereas the teleological theory of ethics preaches that the right or wrong practice applied by an entity is determined by comparing the outcomes of the final work. Teleologists believe that any action performed by an entity is not bounded by any rules or regulation about the rightness and wrongness of the act. But the main thing which counts is that the consequence of the actions. Teleology is result oriented and it scrutinizes the final outcome of the actions taken (Carr, 2017). If a right action results in the wrong outcome then that action is considered ethically wrong and that practice is restricted for further repetition. Besides, if a wrong action results in the right outcome then that act is termed as ethically right as it yields right results which were needed at that time (Cicmil, Crawford Richardson, 2017). The absence of moral rules gives theory more leverage and freedom in performing actions which prove to be more efficient in getting the job done. Some views related to teleological theory states that it is all about doing performing actions keeping the consequences in mind. In Teleology, there are conditional obligations which are specific to the time and environment in which the task in being done. It focuses on the materialistic criteria such as maximization of pleasure and attainment of happiness (Crossan, Monzani Gandz, 2017). It is concerned with aggregating the concept of good and evil in which maximization of both these elements can be done. It advocates only the unitary criteria which imply that doing the greatest good in every action is the only thing that matters without thinking about the righteousness of the actions. Ethical Dilemmas The matter of discussion in the following essay is about the ethical dilemmas in the organization of Toyota Australia which has launched fast cars for the purpose of motorsports. Advertisements of the new range of cars have been criticized by the Australian Advertising Agency which has kept its point stating that ads which promote fast cars have agrave impact on the mind of consumers (Daspit, Pearson Long, 2017). According to the road safety department,these ads will increase the chances of people driving cars at faster speeds which will compromise the safety of drives as well and people on the roads. There have been a lot of fuss over last two years about these appealing ads and their encouragement towards unsafe driving. In this context, the Deontological ethics states that portrayal of these ads can harm the lives and health of the citizens of Australia and thus should be banned (Delos Reyes, Kim Weaver, 2017). Whereas, according to Teleological ethics, these ads may or may not harm the lives of people but a regulation must be made on display of such ads. These theories have made a difference in the advertisement styles of other automobile companies which have to comply with certain regulations before displaying such ads. Major Sources of Ethical Dilemmas from Managerial Point of view Apart from the deontological and teleological ethics, there are a number of ethical dilemmas a manager has to face in the organization of Toyota Australia (Waal Malefyt Morais, 2017). Since the company is a multinational organization and top leader in automobile manufacturing its managers has to face various ethical issues and dilemmas in business operations. The detailed analysis of these dilemmas are mentioned below: Corruption Managers of executive level, as well as the middle management level of Toyota Australia, has to face a major ethical dilemma in the face of Corruption. To get the work done and keep the flow of operations in the organization managers have to bribe the government clerks to make business deals, to clear the employment of local labors, for enhancing the working efficiency and even for raising the standard of living of the executives (Grandy Sliwa, 2017). In many developed countries like Australia, abribe is an indivisible part of thebusiness where government payments are required. It has become a conventional and accepted way of doing successful business. These unfair practices are not only confined to government payments and employees but are also encouraged by the competitors to stay ahead in the market. Moreover, corporations of Australia are governed by laws of business in which there is certain regulation about the bribery practices (Grant, Arjoon McGhee, 2017). There are legal d ocuments which state that the practices of bribery and related actions are prohibited from obtaining business gains and there may be serious legal consequences if any company is caught for having involved in these practices. Managers have to pay to the political parties and government officials (Medeiros, Mumford Connelly, 2017). A bribe is not restricted only to money, payment in cash in one mode of bribery. Payment in the face of good and services and even in the way of jobs are the types of bribes the managers have to pay. Now, this creates a huge ethical dilemma for the managers, who tend to practice unfair means as a part and parcel of business operations knowing the laws against such actions. These ethical issues create a conflict between the philosophies and teachings of the moral thinkers about ethical conduct in business operations. But practicality alters their thinking and behavior towards ethics. Industrial Espionage It is the most illegal and unfair practice which has become popular among the large business organizations around the world. A company like Toyota Australia has been the victim of this unethical practice and also has been involved in such affairs. Industrial espionage is one of the transnational operations in which a company acquires trade secrets, designs and operational plans of the competitor company to stay ahead in the market (Michalos, 2017). Large organizations like Toyota Australia tend to make subsidiary companies and those subsidiary companies have their own small firms. Employees of those small firms go to the establishments of competitor companies to do industrial tours and gather information about the new innovations and plans of the competitors. The entire planning and research of the competitors were known to the Toyota Australia which used the information to speed up their manufacturing and launched new cars in the market which was supposed to be the competitors USP. When the top management of Toyota Australia found out about these unethical practices then they fired the entire set of managers responsible for theorchestration of such method. Ethical violation is evident in this practice as it is a kind of stealing which companies do use corporate spies and insiders who tend to behave as an employee of the target company but have their roots and loyalty to their parent company for whom they report the insider information (Moore, Calvo-Amodio Junker, 2017). Managers who are involved in these practices are on the edge of law and are threatened for their job security in case the matter gets disclosed in front of the world. But still, getting stuck in anethical dilemma they tend to do such things to maintain the efficiency of the organization. If the act is caught in between then it is called a crime, if not then managers are rewarded for their efficient work. Relation with the Environment Due to change in climatic conditions, greenhouse gas emissions, post-war capitalism expansion, use of non-renewable energy, carbon footprint and other such environmental elements, large business and corporate companies like Toyota Australia has to comply with the regulations of the environment (Nielsen, Klyver Bager, 2017). They are under the radar of world health and environmental protection agencies who issue data and statistics about the pollution caused by companies like Toyota Australia in their manufacturing and other industrial processes. Countries, where these companies are established such as Australia in this context, have to comply with the national rules and regulations about the environment protection. There are carbon emission rules, waste disposal rules and other industrial standards which need to be fulfilled in order to keep the balance between production and environment maintenance. Managers of Toyota Australia have to look into the targets of manufacturing which t hey get from higher management and they have to complete those targets in time to stay competitive in the market. This creates an ethical dilemma for the managers as continuous production results in more carbon and other harmful gases emissions which cannot be avoided and at the same time, there are limitations of pollution control which are applied in Australia. To synchronize both the situations managers resort to unethical practices, where they manipulate the data of production for industrial audits so that they do not come on the radar of government agencies of pollution control (Powell, 2017). If they get caught for exceeding the prescribed limit then the organization faces legal action for which the manager is held liable. The company fires the managers for getting involved in unfair means for which they are not fully responsible. Managers have to pave a middle path to cope up with these ethical dilemmas so that they work efficiently and prove their morality towards their work practices as well. Relation with the Employees Large multinational companies like Toyota Australia have their offices and production units in many countries some of which are developing and underdeveloped countries. People or employees of those countries are poor and have to work overtime to meet their basic needs. Taking the viewpoint of the company, they always try to pay less and make profits by cutting the cost of production (Prasad, Kumar Kapoor, 2017). Salary of the employees at the lower level becomes a matter of concern for the managers of Toyota Australia. Workers demand justified salaries for their hard work which is their right but sometimes when the company is not willing to pay them then those workers appeal to the managers for their reimbursement. This creates a situation of anethical dilemma for the managers as they know that workers are right in the demands but they themselves are the staff of Toyota Australia and they have kept the interest of the company first. Managers by their own will cannot raise the salaries of the workers nether they can ignore the rightful demands of the workers. If the workers are not paid well then their attitude towards work depreciates which results in lower production. This hampers the business and profitability of Toyota Australia for which the managers are answerable (Sanders, Brock Barho, 2017). In these situations, managers have to work it out with the workers and the company by negotiating with both of them keeping ethical reasons in theforefront. Another angle of human rights also come in between which calls for legal action against the company. Managers have to convince the company to fulfill the basic requirements of human rights on ethical grounds to keep the moral of the workers high. Relation with the Consumers Any multinational company like Toyota Australia applies almost all the unethical practices in the book when it comes to maintaining a relationship with the consumers (Sison, 2017). There is a vast diaspora of unethical practices such as keeping exaggerated prices on the products and then keeping discounts on them, spending large amount of money on advertisements and promotions which are also vague and have no real base, practicing cheating methods in packaging and other eye-catching stunts, manufacturing products which do not comply with the actual security and safety measures and keeping consumers in a deliberate dilemma about the services offered after buying the products. All the above-mentioned practices are unethical which are clearly for customer manipulation. Promotional videos which contain false notions that owners of Toyota cars attract women towards them is a completely false belief which is used to get into the minds of consumers (Tsoukas, 2017). Managers are themselves involved in making such videos and programs even after knowing the reality. They are affected by the ethical dilemma as they are bound to work on these projects to increase the sale of companies products so that they can get promotions and raises for their work. Consequences of Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas and practices which are executed in thecontext of those have consequences on the Toyota Australia. There is a significant risk in the execution of these unethical means of business which Toyota Australia understands but still is willing to do (Prasad, Kumar Kapoor, 2017). There are many unethical issues in international business than in national tradeand the laws are stricter. But to be on top of the market Toyota Australia ignores those consequences and continues to do what they consider best for business.Some of the consequences of practicing unethical means are: Practicing unethical means increases the expenses of the organization. As those practices get exposed then Toyota Australia has to spend a good chunk of money to get it covered. The reputation of the company gets charred in the eyes of its consumers as well as fellow competitors who tend to rely on ethical means of business. Clients and business partners get separated from the core management if they get convinced about the unethical practices of the company.This is a huge cost which Toyota Australia has to pay for just to stay in the market competition. Investors refrain from making any capital investments in new projects of Toyota Australia as they know about the companys depleted integrity. Conclusion In the above discussion, the ethical dilemmas of the managers of Toyota Australiawere analyzed as in what circumstances they need to execute unethical practices willingly or unwillingly. As observed in the above essay that business ethics is a very important topic for managing a multinational company like Toyota Australia. In past two years, the company has been involved in many unethical means of business which has hampered its reputation in the automobile market. Consumers are refraining from buying cars of Toyota after knowing about the internal business tactics of the company. Accountability and integrity of such a huge company like Toyota Australia have been shattered due to the above mentioned unfair means of business. It is not always necessary thatindulging in unethical practices to get the work done will increase the efficiency of production and will enhance the position of thecompany in the market. Whatever may be the results of these unfair practices a wrong thing will always remain wrong. It takes decades for a company to build a reputation in the global market, with lots of hard work and sacrifices. But diminishing the work of orally sound employees by practicing unethical means is unjust and should be discouraged. On the contrary, if Toyota Australia respects the ethical practices of business and complies with the philosophies of moral thinkers for business practices then it earns great respect from its competitors and sets an example in the field of management. Moreover, the managers of Toyota Australia will also feel proud of working on the ethical principles which will enhance their moral and zeal of working which will yield greater efficiency than working on unethical principles. To conclude the discussion it can be said that a company should always be ethically and morally correct in its business practices. References Aguirre, G., Hyman, M. R., Goudge, D., Genchev, S., Carrell, A., Hamilton, C. (2017). Teaching ethics to marketing and logistics majors: A transformative learning experiment.Journal of Education for Business,92(3), 121-128. Alnder, M. S., Gssling, T. (2017). Thematic Symposium: Business Ethics, Peace and Environmental Issues (T0004). Bernstein, E. S. (2017). 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Contemplative leadership: The possibilities for the ethics of leadership theory and practice.Journal of Business Ethics,143(3), 423-440. Grant, P., Arjoon, S., McGhee, P. (2017). Reconciling Ethical Theory and Practice: Toward Developing a Business Ethics Pedagogical Model.Business and Professional Ethics Journal,36(1), 41-65. Medeiros, K. E., Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T. J., Steele, L. M., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. (2017). What is Working, What is Not, and What We Need to Know: a Meta-Analytic Review of Business Ethics Instruction.Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-31. Michalos, A. C. (2017). Issues for business ethics in the nineties and beyond. InHow Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life(pp. 197-212). Springer International Publishing. Moore, B., Calvo-Amodio, J., Junker, J. F. (2017). 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